Complete 2026 Guide
How to Transfer a Gun To a Family Member
Learn how to sell a gun privately in all 50 states. This complete guide explains federal firearm laws, background check rules, documentation, and the legal process for private gun sales.
Selling a firearm privately is a common practice in the United States. Gun owners frequently sell firearms when upgrading their equipment, downsizing their collections, or transferring ownership of firearms they no longer use. Millions of firearms change hands through private sales each year.
Table of Contents
- How to Sell a Gun Overview
- Choose Your State
- Quick Answers About Gun Sales
- What Counts as a "Private Gun Sale"
- Federal Rules in Gun Sales
- Why Gun Laws Vary by State
- Do Private Gun Sales Require Background Checks
- Liability When Selling a Gun Privately
- 7 Steps to Safely Sell Your Gun
- Why Records Matter in a Private Gun Sale
- Selling a Gun Online
- Current News Stories of Gun Sales
- How Gun Transfer Keeps You Safe
- Private Gun Sale Laws by State (all 50 summaries)
- FAQ
How to Sell a Gun Overview
While private gun sales are common, they are still regulated by both federal firearm laws and state firearm laws. The legal process for selling a firearm privately can vary significantly depending on where the transfer takes place.
In some states, private firearm transfers can occur directly between residents with relatively few restrictions. In other states, private sales must be processed through licensed firearm dealers or must involve background checks, permits, or waiting periods.
Because of these differences, responsible gun owners should always understand the laws that apply in their state before completing a private firearm sale.
This guide explains:
How firearm transfers work
Federal firearm transfer laws
Private firearm transfer rules
Interstate firearm transfer laws
When background checks are required
Firearm transfer laws in all 50 states
This guide explains:
- How private firearm sales work
- Federal firearm laws affecting private sales
- Background check requirements
- Interstate gun sale laws
- Safe firearm transfer procedures
- Gun sale laws in all 50 states
- Liability when selling a used gun
- Documentation best practices
- Best practices to safely sell a gun
You can also use the interactive state selector below to find the exact firearm sale rules that apply in your state.
Choose Your State
Firearm sale laws vary significantly across the United States.
Use the interactive map or dropdown selector to view the detailed guide explaining firearm sale laws in your state.
Each state guide explains:
Private firearm sale rules
Dealer transfer requirements
Background check laws
Waiting period requirements
Documentation recommendations
Quick Answers about Selling a Gun
A gun sale occurs whenever ownership of a firearm changes from one individual to another.
Gun transfers happen in many situations, including:
Selling a firearm
Buying a firearm from a private seller
Trading firearms between collectors
Gifting firearms to family members
Transferring firearms between individuals
IS IT LEGAL TO SELL A GUN PRIVATELY?
In most states, yes—but the required process varies. Some states allow direct private transfers, while others require additional steps such as background checks or permits.
DO PRIVATE GUN SALES REQUIRE A BACKGROUND CHECK?
Sometimes. Federal law generally requires background checks for sales by licensed dealers, but private (unlicensed) sellers are not federally required to run checks unless state law extends the requirement. Several states do extend background checks to private sales.
CAN I SELL A GUN PRIVATELY TO SOMEONE IN ANOTHER STATE?
Usually not directly. Federal law generally prohibits transferring a firearm directly to an unlicensed person who resides in a different state; the transfer typically must be handled through an FFL in the buyer’s state.
SHOULD I USE A BILL OF SALE?
Even when not legally required, documentation is strongly recommended. It helps prove when the firearm changed hands and reduces disputes or confusion later.
Understanding when a firearm transfer is required and how to complete one legally is an important part of responsible gun ownership.
Quick Facts
What Counts as a Private Gun Sale?
A private gun sale generally means a firearm transfer between two individuals (non-licensed sellers) rather than a retail purchase from a gun store’s inventory. It can include:
Federal firearm laws regulate:
Selling a used gun to another person in your state
Buying from a private seller you met through a friend, club, or classifieds
Trading firearms between collectors
A private transfer arranged online (still subject to state/federal rules)
Important: “Private” does not mean “no rules.” The legal requirements depend on:
- Federal rules (apply nationwide)
- State rules (vary by state, sometimes by firearm type)
- Sometimes local rules (certain states/localities add layers)
The primary federal law regulating firearm transfers is the Gun Control Act of 1968.
Federal Rules in Gun Sales
Even if your state is “private-sale friendly,” federal law still sets baseline rules.
Private transfers commonly occur when:
1) Prohibited persons
Federal law restricts firearm possession for certain categories of individuals (for example, certain criminal convictions and other disqualifiers). Transferring a firearm to a prohibited person can create serious legal exposure.
2) Interstate (out-of-state) transfers
A very common mistake is thinking: “We’ll just meet halfway across the border.”
Federal law generally prohibits a private seller from transferring a firearm directly to an unlicensed person who resides in another state. Typically, the firearm must be shipped or delivered to an FFL in the buyer’s state, where the buyer completes required paperwork and the background check.
3) Dealer sales require background checks
When you buy from a federally licensed dealer (FFL), federal law requires the dealer to initiate a background check before transferring the firearm to a non-dealer.
Bottom line: even if your state doesn’t require checks for private sales, you still must avoid prohibited transfers and follow interstate rules.
Bottom line: even if your state doesn’t require checks for private sales, you still must avoid prohibited transfers and follow interstate rules.
Why Gun Laws Vary By State
States differ on private sales in five major ways. When you click your state, the detailed page will spell out exactly what applies.
States vary in these 5 ways:
Background checks for private sales
Some states require background checks for most or all private transfers, often by routing the transfer through an FFL or state system.
Permits / licenses / eligibility cards / Registration
Some states require buyers to hold a permit or license (or sellers to verify one) before a transfer.
Waiting periods
Some states impose mandatory waiting periods before the buyer can take possession. California’s DOJ guidance, for example, describes dealer processing of private transfers and a waiting period.
Firearm-type distinctions
A few states apply different rules to handguns vs. long guns, or have special restrictions on certain categories.
Recordkeeping requirements
Some states require specific recordkeeping or verification steps; others don’t—yet documentation is still wise.
It is your responsibility to know your State and Federal laws! Let Gun Transfer take the headache away from you.
Do Private Gun Sales Require Background Checks
This is the #1 question that drives traffic—so let’s make it crystal clear.
Federal baseline
Federal background checks apply to FFL dealer transfers, but federal law does not universally require background checks for purely private (unlicensed) sales. The result is a “private sale gap” unless state law extends checks to private transfers.
State expansions
Many states have expanded background checks beyond federal law. Giffords summarizes that 22 states and DC extend background checks beyond federal law in some form, and 18 states + DC require background checks for all gun sales.
Example: California and Colorado (how “required” works in practice)
- California: California DOJ states that, generally, all firearms purchases and transfers—including private party transactions—must go through a licensed dealer under the DROS process, with a waiting period.
- Colorado: Colorado requires background checks for private transfers, typically conducted by FFLs (Colorado resource bank and statutory references describe private transfers requiring checks).
Your takeaway:
Don’t rely on guesses. Pick your state below and follow that state’s process.
Understanding interstate firearm transfer laws helps ensure firearm transactions comply with federal regulations.
Liability When Selling a Gun Privately
Selling a firearm privately carries legal responsibilities. While many states allow private firearm transfers, sellers must still follow federal and state laws to avoid potential criminal or civil liability.
Following responsible practices helps ensure firearm transfers are conducted safely and legally.
DO’s:
Verify the buyer is legally eligible to own a firearm.
Confirm the buyer is a resident of your state.
Ask to see a valid government-issued ID.
Understand your state’s firearm transfer laws.
Document the firearm transfer.
Consider completing the transfer through GUN TRANSFER
Meet the buyer in a safe public location.
Trust your instincts if something feels wrong.
DON'Ts: Don’t sell a firearm to someone you believe is prohibited from owning firearms.
Don’t participate in straw purchases.
Don’t transfer a firearm to someone from another state without using a licensed dealer.
Don’t ignore your state’s background check requirements.
Don’t skip verifying the buyer’s identity or residency.
Don’t rush the firearm transaction.
Don’t transfer a firearm if you suspect illegal activity.
Selling a firearm privately carries legal responsibilities. While many states allow private firearm transfers, sellers must still follow federal and state laws to avoid potential criminal or civil liability.
Following responsible practices helps ensure firearm transfers are conducted safely and legally.
Step-by-Step
7 Steps to Safely Sell Your Gun
Although firearm transfer laws vary by state, the basic transfer process generally follows similar steps.
1
Confirm it’s an in-state transfer
Before anything else, confirm the buyer is a resident of your state (as applicable). If the buyer is out-of-state, stop and follow the interstate process (usually an FFL in the buyer’s state).
2
Confirm the buyer is eligible
You should never knowingly transfer to someone prohibited. If anything feels off (strange urgency, refusal to provide basic info, buyer hints they “can’t buy in a store”), don’t proceed.
3
Verify firearm details
Record:
- Make / model
- Caliber / gauge
- Serial number
- Condition notes (optional but smart)
4
Agree on terms (clearly)
Price, method of payment, transfer date/location, and any accessories included. Always select somewhere well lit and preferably with security cameras.
5
Follow your state’s required steps
Depending on state:
- Background check / dealer processing / state authorization
- Waiting periods
- Permit or License verification
- Special handling for certain firearms
6
Document the transfer
Even if not required, documentation protects both parties. It establishes:
- Exactly what was transferred
- The date/time of transfer
- The parties involved
- The agreed terms
7
Store your record securely
Keep your copy. If questions ever arise later, you’ll have a clear record of when you transferred ownership.
Why Records matter in a Private Gun Sale
Keeping records of a private firearm sale can help protect both the buyer and the seller. While many states do not legally require documentation for private firearm transfers, maintaining records is widely considered a responsible practice.
Clear records help:
Establish when firearm ownership changed
Document the chain of ownership for collectible firearms
Verify purchase details if insurance claims occur
Maintain accurate personal firearm inventories
Protects Both the Buyer and Seller
Creates a Clear Record of the Firearm
Helps Avoid Ownership Disputes
Reduces Legal risk
While private firearm sales are legal in many states, maintaining documentation is a simple step that can help protect both parties and demonstrate responsible firearm ownership.
Keeping accurate records helps ensure that firearm transfers are conducted transparently and responsibly.
Selling a Gun Online
Online marketplaces have made it easier for gun owners to connect with potential buyers.
However, firearm transfers must still comply with federal and state firearm laws.
If you are selling to someone in another State, you must use an FFL Dealer to make the transfer.
When selling a firearm online:
Follow all federal and state firearm laws
Confirm the buyer is legally eligible to possess firearms
Verify the buyer’s residency when required
Handle firearms safely during the transaction
Maintain documentation of the transfer
Trust your judgment!
Private firearm sales are legal in many states, but responsible firearm ownership includes ensuring that firearms are transferred safely and legally. Responsible gun sales help protect both the buyer and the seller and support safe firearm ownership within the community.
Current News Stories of Gun Sales Gone Wrong
Background checks are an important part of the firearm transfer process.
1. Gun Sold to a Prohibited Person – Virginia University Shooting (2026)
One of the most recent cases involves a firearm used in a shooting at Old Dominion University in Virginia.
Authorities say a man sold a firearm to a buyer who had a prior felony conviction and was prohibited from possessing guns. The Justice Department later charged the person who sold the gun for illegally providing it to the shooter.
This case highlights a major risk for private sellers:
selling a firearm to someone who is legally prohibited
failing to verify eligibility
criminal charges for the seller
Even if the seller did not participate in the crime, the illegal transfer itself can lead to prosecution.
2. Private Sale Linked to Deadly Shooting – New York / Nevada Case (2025)
In another investigation, a man accused of a deadly shooting in New York obtained the AR-15–style rifle used in the attack through a private sale from his supervisor. Authorities later investigated whether the sale followed state background-check laws.
This type of case illustrates another risk:
private sellers may unknowingly transfer firearms to individuals who later commit crimes
investigators often examine whether the original sale followed the law
Even when a seller is not charged, the firearm trace may bring investigators back to them.
3. Illegal Gun Trafficking Case – Texas (2025)
A Texas man was sentenced to over 12 years in prison for trafficking stolen firearms, selling them through online contacts and in-person transactions. His mother even helped transport him to some of the deals.
The case involved:
selling stolen firearms
arranging sales through online messaging
illegal firearm trafficking
Cases like this show how private sales can become illegal when firearms enter criminal markets.
4. Unlicensed Gun Selling Operation – Federal Prison Sentence
Federal prosecutors have also pursued cases where individuals sold large numbers of firearms without obtaining a federal firearms license.
One case involved a man who operated an unlicensed gun-selling operation involving “ghost guns,” leading to over 10 years in federal prison.
This illustrates another legal risk:
repeatedly selling guns for profit can classify someone as a firearms dealer
selling firearms without a Federal Firearms License can lead to federal charges
How Gun Transfer Keeps You Safe
One of the most important benefits of using Gun Transfer is the ability to create a clear record of a firearm transfer. When firearms change ownership, documentation can help establish when the transfer occurred and who the parties involved were.
The Gun Transfer system helps users:
Gun Transfer walks you through your states requirements
Document firearm ownership transfers
Create firearm transaction records
Organize firearm purchase and sale history
Maintain documentation of private transfers
Using a structured documentation system can help firearm buyers and sellers maintain clear records of when firearms were transferred and who received them.
GunTransfer helps firearm owners keep track of their transactions while promoting responsible firearm ownership practices.
Full 50-State Gun Selling Guide
Comprehensive breakdown of private firearm transfer laws for every state.
Alabama Private Gun Sale Laws
Private sales between residents are generally permitted without a background check.
Background Check: Not Required
Permit / License: Not Required
Gun Registration: Not Required
FFL Required: Not Required
Waiting period: None
Concealed Carry: Constitutional Carry
Age Restrictions: 18 - Handgun | 18 - Long gun
Special Restrictions: None
private sales generally allowed
Alaska Private Gun Sale Laws
Private sales between residents are generally permitted without a background check.
Background Check: Not Required
Permit / License: Not Required
Gun Registration: Not Required
FFL Required: Not Required
Waiting period: None
Concealed Carry: Constitutional Carry
Age Restrictions: 18 - Handgun | 18 - Long gun
Special Restrictions: None
private sales generally allowed
Arizona Private Gun Sale Laws
Private sales between residents are generally permitted without a background check.
Background Check: Not Required
Permit / License: Not Required
Gun Registration: Not Required
FFL Required: Not Required
Waiting period: None
Concealed Carry: Constitutional Carry
Age Restrictions: 18 - Handgun | 18 - Long gun
Special Restrictions: None
private sales generally allowed
Arkansas Private Gun Sale Laws
Private sales between residents are generally permitted without a background check.
Background Check: Not Required
Permit / License: Not Required
Gun Registration: Not Required
FFL Required: Not Required
Waiting period: None
Concealed Carry: Constitutional Carry
Age Restrictions: 18 - Handgun | 18 - Long gun
Special Restrictions: None
private sales generally allowed
California Private Gun Sale Laws
Private sales between residents require an FFL and a background check.
Background Check: Required
Permit / License: Required
Gun Registration: Required
FFL Required: Required
Waiting period: 10 Days
Concealed Carry: Permit Required
Age Restrictions: 21 - Handgun | 21 - Long gun
Special Restrictions: Assault Weapons Banned
Strict transfer regulations
Colorado Private Gun Sale Laws
Private sales between residents require an FFL and a background check.
Background Check: Required
Permit / License: Not Required
Gun Registration: Not Required
FFL Required: Required
Waiting period: 3 Days
Concealed Carry: Permit Required
Age Restrictions: 21 - Handgun | 18 - Long gun
Special Restrictions: Partial Assault Weapons Ban
Strict transfer regulations
Connecticut Private Gun Sale Laws
Private sales between residents require an FFL and a background check.
Background Check: Required
Permit / License: Pistol Permit Required
Gun Registration: Required
FFL Required: Required
Waiting period: None
Concealed Carry: Permit Required
Age Restrictions: 21 - Handgun | 21 - Long gun
Special Restrictions: Assault Weapons Banned
Strict transfer regulations
Delaware Private Gun Sale Laws
Private sales between residents require an FFL and a background check.
Background Check: Required
Permit / License: Required
Gun Registration: Not Required
FFL Required: Required
Waiting period: None
Concealed Carry: Permit Required
Age Restrictions: 21 - Handgun | 18 - Long gun
Special Restrictions: Assault Weapons Banned
Strict transfer regulations
Florida Private Gun Sale Laws
Private sales between residents are generally permitted without a background check.
Background Check: Not Required
Permit / License: Not Required
Gun Registration: Not Required
FFL Required: Not Required
Waiting period: 3 Days
Concealed Carry: Permit Required
Age Restrictions: 21 - Handgun | 18 - Long gun
Special Restrictions: None
private sales generally allowed
Hawaii Private Gun Sale Laws
Private sales between residents require an FFL and a background check.
Background Check: Required
Permit / License: Permit to Acquire
Gun Registration: Required
FFL Required: Required
Waiting period: up to 14 Days
Concealed Carry: Permit Required
Age Restrictions: 21 - Handgun | 21 - Long gun
Special Restrictions: Assault Weapons Banned
Strict transfer regulations
Georgia Private Gun Sale Laws
Private sales between residents are generally permitted without a background check.
Background Check: Not Required
Permit / License: Not Required
Gun Registration: Not Required
FFL Required: Not Required
Waiting period: None
Concealed Carry: Constitutional Carry
Age Restrictions: 18 - Handgun | 18 - Long gun
Special Restrictions: None
private sales generally allowed
Idaho Private Gun Sale Laws
Private sales between residents are generally permitted without a background check.
Background Check: Not Required
Permit / License: Not Required
Gun Registration: Not Required
FFL Required: Not Required
Waiting period: None
Concealed Carry: Constitutional Carry
Age Restrictions: 18 - Handgun | 18 - Long gun
Special Restrictions: None
private sales generally allowed
Illinois Private Gun Sale Laws
Private sales between residents are generally permitted without a background check. Buyer and Seller must have FOID cards.
Background Check: Not Required
Permit / License: FOID Card
Gun Registration: Not Required
FFL Required: Not Required with FOID Card
Waiting period: 72 Hours
Concealed Carry: Permit Required
Age Restrictions: 21 - Handgun | 18 - Long gun
Special Restrictions: Assault Weapons Banned
Additional transfer regulations
Indiana Private Gun Sale Laws
Private sales between residents are generally permitted without a background check.
Background Check: Not Required
Permit / License: Not Required
Gun Registration: Not Required
FFL Required: Not Required
Waiting period: None
Concealed Carry: Constitutional Carry
Age Restrictions: 18 - Handgun | 18 - Long gun
Special Restrictions: None
private sales generally allowed
Iowa Private Gun Sale Laws
Private sales between residents are generally permitted without a background check.
Background Check: Not Required
Permit / License: Not Required
Gun Registration: Not Required
FFL Required: Not Required
Waiting period: None
Concealed Carry: Constitutional Carry
Age Restrictions: 18 - Handgun | 18 - Long gun
Special Restrictions: None
private sales generally allowed
Kansas Private Gun Sale Laws
Private sales between residents are generally permitted without a background check.
Background Check: Not Required
Permit / License: Not Required
Gun Registration: Not Required
FFL Required: Not Required
Waiting period: None
Concealed Carry: Constitutional Carry
Age Restrictions: 18 - Handgun | 18 - Long gun
Special Restrictions: None
private sales generally allowed
Kentucky Private Gun Sale Laws
Private sales between residents are generally permitted without a background check.
Background Check: Not Required
Permit / License: Not Required
Gun Registration: Not Required
FFL Required: Not Required
Waiting period: None
Concealed Carry: Constitutional Carry
Age Restrictions: 18 - Handgun | 18 - Long gun
Special Restrictions: None
private sales generally allowed
Louisiana Private Gun Sale Laws
Private sales between residents are generally permitted without a background check.
Background Check: Not Required
Permit / License: Not Required
Gun Registration: Not Required
FFL Required: Not Required
Waiting period: None
Concealed Carry: Constitutional Carry
Age Restrictions: 18 - Handgun | 18 - Long gun
Special Restrictions: None
private sales generally allowed
Maine Private Gun Sale Laws
Private sales between residents are generally permitted without a background check.
Background Check: Not Required
Permit / License: Not Required
Gun Registration: Not Required
FFL Required: Not Required
Waiting period: None
Concealed Carry: Constitutional Carry
Age Restrictions: 18 - Handgun | 18 - Long gun
Special Restrictions: None
private sales generally allowed
Maryland Private Gun Sale Laws
Private sales between residents require an FFL and a background check.
Background Check: Required
Permit / License: Handgun License Required
Gun Registration: Required (handguns)
FFL Required: Required
Waiting period: 7 Days
Concealed Carry: Permit Required
Age Restrictions: 21 - Handgun | 21 - Long gun
Special Restrictions: Handgun Registration
Strict transfer regulations
Massachusetts Private Gun Sale Laws
Private sales between residents require an FFL and a background check.
Background Check: Required
Permit / License: LTC / FID Required
Gun Registration: Required
FFL Required: Required
Waiting period: None
Concealed Carry: Permit Required
Age Restrictions: 21 - Handgun | 21 - Long gun
Special Restrictions: Assault Weapons Banned
Strict transfer regulations
Michigan Private Gun Sale Laws
Private sales between residents are generally permitted without a background check. Buyer and Seller must have FOID cards.
Background Check: Not Required
Permit / License: Handgun License Required
Gun Registration: Required (handguns)
FFL Required: Partial
Waiting period: None
Concealed Carry: Permit Required
Age Restrictions: 18 - Handgun | 18 - Long gun
Special Restrictions: Handgun Registration
Additional transfer regulations
Minnesota Private Gun Sale Laws
Private long-gun sales between residents are generally permitted without a background check.Handguns must go through FFL.
Background Check: Not Required
Permit / License: Permit Required
Gun Registration: Not Required
FFL Required: Partial
Waiting period: None
Concealed Carry: Permit Required
Age Restrictions: 18 - Handgun | 18 - Long gun
Special Restrictions: Handgun Registration
Additional transfer regulations
Mississippi Private Gun Sale Laws
Private sales between residents are generally permitted without a background check.
Background Check: Not Required
Permit / License: Not Required
Gun Registration: Not Required
FFL Required: Not Required
Waiting period: None
Concealed Carry: Constitutional Carry
Age Restrictions: 18 - Handgun | 18 - Long gun
Special Restrictions: None
private sales generally allowed
Missouri Private Gun Sale Laws
Private sales between residents are generally permitted without a background check.
Background Check: Not Required
Permit / License: Not Required
Gun Registration: Not Required
FFL Required: Not Required
Waiting period: None
Concealed Carry: Constitutional Carry
Age Restrictions: 18 - Handgun | 18 - Long gun
Special Restrictions: None
private sales generally allowed
Montana Private Gun Sale Laws
Private sales between residents are generally permitted without a background check.
Background Check: Not Required
Permit / License: Not Required
Gun Registration: Not Required
FFL Required: Not Required
Waiting period: None
Concealed Carry: Constitutional Carry
Age Restrictions: 18 - Handgun | 18 - Long gun
Special Restrictions: None
private sales generally allowed
Nebraska Private Gun Sale Laws
Private sales between residents are generally permitted without a background check.
Background Check: Not Required
Permit / License: Handgun Permit Required
Gun Registration: Not Required
FFL Required: Not Required
Waiting period: None
Concealed Carry: Permit Required
Age Restrictions: 18 - Handgun | 18 - Long gun
Special Restrictions: Handgun Permit
private sales generally allowed
Nevada Private Gun Sale Laws
Private sales between residents require an FFL and a background check.
Background Check: Required
Permit / License: Not Required
Gun Registration: Not Required
FFL Required: Required
Waiting period: None
Concealed Carry: Permit Required
Age Restrictions: 21 - Handgun | 18 - Long gun
Special Restrictions: Universal Background Check
Strict transfer regulations
New Hampshire Private Gun Sale Laws
Private sales between residents are generally permitted without a background check.
Background Check: Not Required
Permit / License: Not Required
Gun Registration: Not Required
FFL Required: Not Required
Waiting period: None
Concealed Carry: Constitutional Carry
Age Restrictions: 18 - Handgun | 18 - Long gun
Special Restrictions: None
private sales generally allowed
New Jersey Private Gun Sale Laws
Private sales between residents require an FFL and a background check.
Background Check: Required
Permit / License: FPIC / Handgun Permit Required
Gun Registration: Required
FFL Required: Required
Waiting period: Permit Delay
Concealed Carry: Permit Required
Age Restrictions: 21 - Handgun | 21 - Long gun
Special Restrictions: Assault Weapons Banned
Strict transfer regulations
New Mexico Private Gun Sale Laws
Private sales between residents are not permitted without a background check.
Background Check: Required
Permit / License: Not Required
Record Keeping: Not Required
FFL Required: Required
Waiting period: None
Concealed Carry: Permit Required
Age Restrictions: 21 - Handgun | 18 - Long gun
Special Restrictions: Universal Background Check
private sales generally allowed
New York Private Gun Sale Laws
Private sales between residents require an FFL and a background check.
Background Check: Required
Permit / License: Pistol Permit Required
Record Keeping: Required (handguns)
FFL Required: Required
Waiting period: Permit Delay
Concealed Carry: Permit Required
Age Restrictions: 21 - Handgun | 21 - Long gun
Special Restrictions: Assault Weapons Banned
Strict transfer regulations
North Carolina Private Gun Sale Laws
Private sales between residents are generally permitted without a background check.
Background Check: Not Required
Permit / License: Not Required
Gun Registration: Not Required
FFL Required: Not Required
Waiting period: None
Concealed Carry: Permit Required
Age Restrictions: 18 - Handgun | 18 - Long gun
Special Restrictions: None
private sales generally allowed
North Dakota Private Gun Sale Laws
Private sales between residents are generally permitted without a background check.
Background Check: Not Required
Permit / License: Not Required
Gun Registration: Not Required
FFL Required: Not Required
Waiting period: None
Concealed Carry: Constitutional Carry
Age Restrictions: 18 - Handgun | 18 - Long gun
Special Restrictions: None
private sales generally allowed
Ohio Private Gun Sale Laws
Private sales between residents are generally permitted without a background check.
Background Check: Not Required
Permit / License: Not Required
Gun Registration: Not Required
FFL Required: Not Required
Waiting period: None
Concealed Carry: Constitutional Carry
Age Restrictions: 18 - Handgun | 18 - Long gun
Special Restrictions: None
private sales generally allowed
Oklahoma Private Gun Sale Laws
Private sales between residents are generally permitted without a background check.
Background Check: Not Required
Permit / License: Not Required
Gun Registration: Not Required
FFL Required: Not Required
Waiting period: None
Concealed Carry: Constitutional Carry
Age Restrictions: 18 - Handgun | 18 - Long gun
Special Restrictions: None
private sales generally allowed
Oregon Private Gun Sale Laws
Private sales between residents require an FFL and a background check.
Background Check: Required
Permit / License: Not Required
Record Keeping: Not Required
FFL Required: Required
Waiting period: up to 3 Days
Concealed Carry: Permit Required
Age Restrictions: 21 - Handgun | 18 - Long gun
Special Restrictions: Yes
Strict transfer regulations
Pennsylvania Private Gun Sale Laws
Private long-gun sales between residents are generally permitted without a background check.Handguns must go through FFL.
Background Check: Mixed
Permit / License: Not Required
Gun Registration: Not Required
FFL Required: Partial
Waiting period: None
Concealed Carry: Permit Required
Age Restrictions: 18 - Handgun | 18 - Long gun
Special Restrictions: Handgun Rules
Additional transfer regulations
Rhode Island Private Gun Sale Laws
Private sales between residents require an FFL and a background check.
Background Check: Required
Permit / License: Blue Card Required (handgun-ammo)
Gun Registration: Not Required
FFL Required: Required
Waiting period: 7 Days
Concealed Carry: Permit Required
Age Restrictions: 21 - Handgun | 18 - Long gun
Special Restrictions: Strict Transfer Rules
Strict transfer regulations
South Carolina Private Gun Sale Laws
Private sales between residents are generally permitted without a background check.
Background Check: Not Required
Permit / License: Not Required
Gun Registration: Not Required
FFL Required: Not Required
Waiting period: None
Concealed Carry: Constitutional Carry
Age Restrictions: 18 - Handgun | 18 - Long gun
Special Restrictions: None
private sales generally allowed
South Dakota Private Gun Sale Laws
Private sales between residents are generally permitted without a background check.
Background Check: Not Required
Permit / License: Not Required
Gun Registration: Not Required
FFL Required: Not Required
Waiting period: None
Concealed Carry: Constitutional Carry
Age Restrictions: 18 - Handgun | 18 - Long gun
Special Restrictions: None
private sales generally allowed
Tennessee Private Gun Sale Laws
Private sales between residents are generally permitted without a background check.
Background Check: Not Required
Permit / License: Not Required
Gun Registration: Not Required
FFL Required: Not Required
Waiting period: None
Concealed Carry: Constitutional Carry
Age Restrictions: 18 - Handgun | 18 - Long gun
Special Restrictions: None
private sales generally allowed
Texas Private Gun Sale Laws
Private sales between residents are generally permitted without a background check.
Background Check: Not Required
Permit / License: Not Required
Gun Registration: Not Required
FFL Required: Not Required
Waiting period: None
Concealed Carry: Constitutional Carry
Age Restrictions: 18 - Handgun | 18 - Long gun
Special Restrictions: None
private sales generally allowed
Utah Private Gun Sale Laws
Private sales between residents are generally permitted without a background check.
Background Check: Not Required
Permit / License: Not Required
Gun Registration: Not Required
FFL Required: Not Required
Waiting period: None
Concealed Carry: Constitutional Carry
Age Restrictions: 18 - Handgun | 18 - Long gun
Special Restrictions: None
private sales generally allowed
Vermont Private Gun Sale Laws
Private sales between residents require an FFL and a background check.
Background Check: Required
Permit / License: Not Required
Record Keeping: Not Required
FFL Required: Required
Waiting period: 72 hours
Concealed Carry: Constitutional Carry
Age Restrictions: 21 - Handgun | 21 - Long gun
Special Restrictions: Universal Background Check
Strict transfer regulations
Virginia Private Gun Sale Laws
Private sales between residents are generally permitted without a background check.
Background Check: Not Required
Permit / License: Not Required
Gun Registration: Not Required
FFL Required: Not Required
Waiting period: None
Concealed Carry: Permit Required
Age Restrictions: 18 - Handgun | 18 - Long gun
Special Restrictions: None
private sales generally allowed
Washington Private Gun Sale Laws
Private sales between residents require an FFL and a background check.
Background Check: Required
Permit / License: Not Required
Gun Registration: Partial
FFL Required: Required
Waiting period: Varies
Concealed Carry: Permit Required
Age Restrictions: 21 - Handgun | 21 - Long gun
Special Restrictions: Assault Weapons Banned
Strict transfer regulations
Washington DC Private Gun Sale Laws
Private sales between residents require an FFL and a background check.
Background Check: Required
Permit / License: Registration Certificate Required
Gun Registration: Required
FFL Required: Required
Waiting period: 10 Days
Concealed Carry: Permit Required
Age Restrictions: 21 - Handgun | 21 - Long gun
Special Restrictions: Assault Weapons Banned
Strict transfer regulations
West Virginia Private Gun Sale Laws
Private sales between residents are generally permitted without a background check.
Background Check: Not Required
Permit / License: Not Required
Gun Registration: Not Required
FFL Required: Not Required
Waiting period: None
Concealed Carry: Constitutional Carry
Age Restrictions: 18 - Handgun | 18 - Long gun
Special Restrictions: None
private sales generally allowed
Wisconsin Private Gun Sale Laws
Private sales between residents are generally permitted without a background check.
Background Check: Not Required
Permit / License: Not Required
Gun Registration: Not Required
FFL Required: Not Required
Waiting period: None
Concealed Carry: Constitutional Carry
Age Restrictions: 18 - Handgun | 18 - Long gun
Special Restrictions: None
private sales generally allowed
Wyoming Private Gun Sale Laws
Private sales between residents are generally permitted without a background check.
Background Check: Not Required
Permit / License: Not Required
Gun Registration: Not Required
FFL Required: Not Required
Waiting period: None
Concealed Carry: Constitutional Carry
Age Restrictions: 18 - Handgun | 18 - Long gun
Special Restrictions: None
private sales generally allowed
Select Your State:
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Frequently Asked
Questions
Do private gun sales require background checks?
Sometimes. Federal law requires background checks for dealer transfers, and many states extend background check requirements to private sales. Use the state selector above to see your state’s rules.
Can I sell a gun privately to someone from another state?
No, you can’t transfer directly to an unlicensed person from another state; the transfer typically must go through an FFL in the buyer’s state.
Is a bill of sale required?
Some states require specific documentation; many do not. Even when not required, documentation is strongly recommended to prove when the firearm changed hands.
Do state laws apply to both handguns and long guns?
Sometimes states treat firearm categories differently. Your state guide explains whether rules differ by firearm type.
What if the buyer fails the required process in my state?
If your state requires a specific transfer method (background check, authorization, waiting period), do not transfer the firearm until the process is properly completed.
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GunTransfer helps firearm owners complete private firearm transfers responsibly while helping buyers and sellers remain compliant with applicable firearm laws.
Legal Disclaimer
The information on this page is provided for general educational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. Firearm laws may change and may vary depending on individual circumstances. Always consult official state resources or a qualified professional for guidance.
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GunTransfer helps firearm owners complete private firearm transfers responsibly while helping buyers and sellers remain compliant with applicable firearm laws.
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